Method and means for the perforation of paper and the like



Oct. 13, 1959 a. s. HELLBERG METHOD AND MEANS FOR THE. PERFORATION OF PAPER AND THE LIKE a sheets-shed 1 I Filed Feb. 6. less" v Oct.13, 1959 a; s. HELLBERG 8,

METHOD AND MEANS FOR THE FERFORATION OF PAPER AND THE LIKE Filed Feb. 6, 1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Oct. 13, 1959 7 e. s. HELLBERG I 2,908,201

v METHOD AND MEANS FOR THE PERFORA'IYION OF PAPER AND THE LIKE Filed Feb. 6, 1956 3 Sheets-Sheet 'P P I,

:Gustav Sigvard Hejllberg, .Iohanneshov, Sweden, assignor t Aktiebolaget Produktionseservice, Stockholm-Val lingby, Sweden f i I 1 ApplicationFebruary 6, 1956, Serial No. 563,783

Claims ri rit gp ucafion Sweden February 1,1955- 1 3 C laims. (CI. 90-11 In the modern bookkeepingean'd punchcardv machine technics it is important that hole perforations and folding perforations be accurate as to form and position, so that Unir d Sim Pat t?" holes corresponding to each other are brought opposite one another, when the paper sheets are folded or piledfon .top' of each other for the simultaneous productionofa plurality of carbon .copies. According. to the usual perforating method the perforations are produced by punching out the corresponding portions of thepa erby means of hole punches. It is also knownhtojproduce tear-off perforations by making incisions in] the paper by means of knives, in which case no, materialis worked out of the The punching method involves, in addition to fabrication difliculties, also certain difiiculties as regards the possibility of producing smooth hole edges, Moreover, it,has proved difiicult according to the punching method to produce folding perforations that are exactly perpendicular to the borders'of the finished paper sheets. Such imperfections in the finished paper sheets or bundles thereof frequently cause shut-downs in the. use of bookkeeping machines and the like.

The present invention has for its object to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks. The invention is substantially distinguished by the fact that the paper is brought ,into contact with ,a patrix, the relief-like portions of which have end surfaces corresponding to the shape of the perforation holes, whereupon.the' portions ofthe paper bearing on said end surfaces are .worked offlby means of one or more chip removing tools, while .the

paper and the patrix are moving together relatively to the tools. .The patrix preferably takes the foriniof a rotating roll, the paper. web being entrained round. the roll in a position bearing on its relief-like portions and being worked upon by means of one or more stationary arranged rotating'tools preferably consisting of cutters orrotating knives-with the cutting ,edgesjdisp'osedobliquely to the axis of rotation. The, working'oif of the paper materialmay also be effected by a scrapingor grinding action, for instance by means of a grinding roll. Generally, any tool may be used by' means of which paper mater'ial may be removed in the form of chips or-th'e like.

The patrix roll and the tool' should preferably rotate in opposite directions, so that the paper and the cutting edges acting upon the same move in the same direction, "the tool then rotating at a speed which is a multiplicity of the speed of thepatrix roll. The relief-like portionssupportf ingthe paper are preferably shaped in the'forrn' of' studs or pins arranged on the cylindrical surface of the rolland having end surfaces corresponding.to the shape of' the 4 2,908,201 Patented Oct. l3, 1959 paper web, saidstudsbr pins havingend surfaces corresponding to the shape of the perforation holes; I "The studs have a height above the cylindrical surface-of theroll which is only slightly, for instance 1.1 mm. great er than the thickness of the paper, but which is shown on an eXag-' :gerated scale in the drawing. In the example shown; the studs have a conical, outwardly tapering formif" The paper will then rest in part on the ends of said studs or pins and in part on portions of thelcylindrical surface of thepatrix rolllocated between the studs. The roll rotates in-the direction indicated by the arrow 7 and entrains the paper web 2 during its rotation. During the rotation ofthe patrix roll 4, the paper web first meets w ith 'a cylindrical cutter 8 with screw-shaped cutting edges or knives 9, Fig. 4, intended to work upon the'portions of the paper web bearing on'said studs6. The cutter 8 rotates in the direction shown by the arrow '10 at a peripheral speed which is many times greater than that of the patrix roll 4, the peripheral portions of the cutter and the roll running in the same direction. The distance between the cuttingedges of the cutter and .the peripheral surfaces llof the studs is chosen so. that the knivespenetrat'e into the paper for approximately ninetenths of the thickness of the'paper. :An arrangement for accurate adjustment'of the cutter relatively to the peripheral surface of thestudswill be described in the following with reference to Fig. 5. As will appear from Fig. 2, the end surface 11 of the studs 6 facing thecutter is located in a cylindrical'surface coaxial with the'axis' of the patn'x roll. The endsurface 11 is providedwitha dished cavity limited-by anfannular edge portion 13 ofsaid surface. Whenone'of the cutting 'edges 9first means with the paper web, this takes placeat the left side of the stud 6 (Fig. 2), said cutting edge then cutting down i into the paper and reaching its greatest penetrationdepth when passing the, planef through ithe 1 of, the cutter. As stated above; the cutting edges peneperforation holes, said end surfaces beingloca'ted in cylindrical surfaces coaxial with the roll.

The invention will be described'more closely with reference to a form of embodiment of a perforating machine according to the invention as'illustra-ted in the accompanying drawings."Fig.'l 'isa view-inelevation of the futual arrangement 'of the parts comprised in the perforating machine. Figs. 2 and 3*show various steps in the'prodli ction of the holes 1 on a larger scale. Fig. 4 showsj'a chip cutting tool in-theform' of a cutter. Fig. 5 is' aii section through the patrix 'roll'and the cutter.

trate down into the paper for approximately nine tenths of the thickness thereof, the paper being thus weakened, so that the remaining fibres will be torn off together with theseparated chips, thus leaving openholes. The cavity 12 hasqfor i-ts object'to reduce the actual cutting work, so that notthewhole of the paper portion locatedon the stud butonly the portion of the paper bearing on the annular surface .13 need be c ut oil.v v

After this'piercing-of .the paperby means. of the cutter 8, theh'ole edges'must be trimmed clean blflthe removal of fibre residues-remaining at the edges,-'such residues forming a rim of torn fibres extending obliquely forwards in the direction of movement of the zpaper.

To. this end there is provided a further cutter 15' in a position displaced angularly forwards relatively to the H thejcorresponding portion of the paperTihave been moved forward to the cutter through the rotation of the patriX roll 4. Here, the cutting edges 16 run in the direction shown by the arrow 17, that is to say, in a direction toward the fibre residuesremaining at the hole edge, said residues being thus cut off-together ith e p eviou ly for d his 41 e g s e thus cleaned completely from adhering fibres.

, Through ;the cutting operation, the hole edges will be cut of o iq e y so as t v m s m ha eakened edge portions 17 1, outside the end surface 11, as will seenv from-F g- 3- .To st th hole edges an to give. them their final dimensions, the paperis pressed with the aid of a matrix 101118, which is provided with a atingr f a resilient mate el Y n-it's eylihd ee s r rfa ,-1 .,inwardlv tow s t e cyl ndri surfaces of he roll T e elope su f eeslfl th t d aresllightly conical and dimensioned so as to have at the bot om a width eor spend n t t fin shed p f 1 ration ho1es. By the depressi n of he paper We inst the cylin rical rf e of t e I011 4 the wea ened hole edges'17a will be-pressed out ,againstand;

into the surrounding paper portions.- By reason of the powerfulvpressure, ,by which l-the matrix roll 18 bears on the roll 14, the edge portions of the perforation holes become entirely smooth. Through the simultaneously effected compression of the edges. these edge portions attain a considerably greater strength than that ohen dime ehe Th o l errr llerlbeerihs are, arranged between the roll and the cutter, said bearings'being provided with races 31, which are. accuratelyground relatively to the axis of the cutter.

Theseraces, are adapted to roll on tracks '32 arranged r at ,1 9 ends of the roll ..4 and accurately. ground relater and the rollthat mightothcrwisc occur on, account of atplay in the bearings 25and 28. V

T r- 2 e s m wha Wide as thereee fil to secure the same rolling surface also inc3$9f displacements vof the whe Sue e it le emeht 9 the cutter is sometimes necessaryjto ensure Ia more uni orm e r ft e kn v -r Th d splae me ti ey e efieet e h manually o ehteme ell r, in the la te a e fo s ance by an' x e ly es te yum em n e n pa ted to the cutte Within e en o t e in entio theljeb strhet e desi n m y be vari d n adaptat on. te ve eu' ir eefi e tained inla punching operation. The roll 18, has the same diameter as that of the roll 4, and is vpreferabl-y connected to the latter through ,a toothed gearing indicated diagrammatically by achain-dotted line 20.. After the termination of the pressing operation the paper web leaves the roll 4 and the studs 6 and. followshthe suf- -face (of the matrix .rollvfort approximately1one- 11alf. .of its circumference, being then wound '11P-;01' folded in known manner. 7 I

1 Folding perforations I may be efiected in ,a -similar manner by the arrangement of a row of pins on the cylindrical. surface .of the patrix roll, said row of pins paralleling the ;axis' of rotationand' said -.pins having the same :height above the. cylindrical-surface ;5 asthat of the studsa 6. In-order that these folding perforations spondingito'th'e shape of the perforation holes, said nee s and e er a- For xa ple, :the' p ni ma e Plan instead vo 'lev ihs ee h pe ora s ee s 9 Pap in h c e e ther th eu e sl a eidisp eeablyflmovable'relatively t0 the stationary 'patr-ixor the latter and th pap s ee a ege h, v jt e eb e elativelyto the stationary cutters") What is claimed is:

t 1, A method of'perforating paper andthelilte-which comprises bringing the paper into contaetwith apatrin, the relief-like portions of which have rend surfacesj correehd id pet x moving tQ ih I1 the Sh m? working ,off the portions of the paper hearing on sur a s y' e'n o fi s h p emov ng QtOQ meme shallactually become perpendicular to tithe finished r paper zweb t-wo fixed knives '21 are provided, Fig. 1',

said-knives being arranged at a'mutual distance equalling the width of the finished paperweb. These knives project into slots 22;23, Fig. 5, in the surface 5 of -the roll-4 and thus cut the original paper web clean along '.oPPbsite .direction. '7

two mutually parallel planes at right angles-to the axis of the roll 4, the edges of the web then becoming parallel -and=accuratel-y perpendicular 'to the-row of holes. Herebythe considerable advantage is obtained that possible lateral displacements and twists of, the

original paper web do not have any disturbing influence o'n the dimensions -and--the'*hole distribution of the finished paper :web.

'To-perm'it thema-intenance of narrow allowances be I tween the -cutti ng edges 9, 16 andthe endsurfaces 11 of the studs 6,--certain--mea'sures must -be--undertaken "with respect -to -the mounting or the cutters--relatively surfacescorresponding .to the shape of themp erforatdn ,in' oneldirectionjand then workingwofi saidf pprtionsby means of a second .chip' removingtool moving in the 72,-1A method of perforating paper and w e mp e ed ng the Pa r ve e th eir'cumf renee t ie rotating patrixthe relief-like portions .of whichhave nd e ess ipep'e en d p t m ingi -tese' h r n h same rdirec fonywork'ng off the portionsv the paper.

bearing on sald end surfaces me ans of a first rotating chip removing tool rotating in a diIZBCIlQlIi opposite to that of the zpatrix and thenaworking off said portions by means f6a,,secondv rotating chip removing tool rotating 'inthe same directionas thatof the-patrixff g i p I t 3. Abm hed o e etihs Pape an t e ike, uwh eh e npt :feedin t pape eve h e r m 'enee et a e et rem x t r e -likere e s .e wh e thevee sur ae l f ert r nd h to th h e .e h rner etieh to the patrix roll. I However such mounting is practically carried out will be described *with reference-4o FigQ-S'.

V Bearings 25 for the-shaft'26 er the patrix'roll are arranged {-in a frame 24, The'sha'ft 29 of the cutter is mounted in a similar manner in -bearings'28, 'which tareflin turn mo unted' in eccentric apertures 'inf rings 27,, I

whichr-arefi-rr'iounted in -'theframe 24 and adjustable intojjfdifferent angular -positions; "By'the-two rings" 27' being turned .at the same time, the-distance between the ci1tting -edges 9'-and the e'nd' surfaces of -the studs fi m ayfbeyaried. Howeveflbyreason of a practically. r

unavoidable" play inf-the bearings '25, 28 an adjusted I play between thie cutting" edges and the studs cannot be maintained during the rotary movement, no matter-:how ,perfectly:;lthe cutting edges and the :studs. might. have holes, sai pe d s e r x mestesethe -ih the ame di e tien rkin .et the Perhe'ns re t e MR?! bearin nee d=-en face y m ans e efi e s -Min h p re m v -hsLteel rotat n in. ed nsegpesite t9 and-at th ;petr 2 zim heh en ne ee of a second rotating chip removing "1e .hnnean rotatin in h "a e enthan ha o h :p tr X-VJ V 4- ;.A meth d e rperfor h graner end/ he i ich c mp ses b in ng the pape i t0l ia wi h is the el -like po ti ns: twhiehihey le dt u i ees 9r: r p ndin to th s r l 1 t e p ,i o e 'en =111Q95i paper and rsaid-patriig movingtogethergin'th samedirec- V limb-Working,Qfijthe'PQIIiQu O the paper!) rmge enqsurtaeesibyimeensnt agfirst "remeyin te nt a ha 9t ame dir etienwl endetepe i e a i peedrmehy't ing in one direction and then working off said portions by means of a second chip removing tool moving in the opposite direction the cutting edges of the chip removing tools penetrating into the paper to a depth corresponding approximately to the thickness of the paper 'but short of touching the end surfaces of the relief-like portions.

5. A device for perforating paper and the like comprising, in combination, a rotatable patrix roll rotatable in a predetermined direction, means for feeding the paper over the circumference of said rotating patn'x roll, said roll being provided with paper-supporting stud means having end surfaces corresponding to the shape of the perforation holes, a first rotating chip-removing tool rotatable in a direction opposite to that of the patrix roll, and a second rotating chip-removing tool rotatable in the same direction as that of the patrix roll, said tools being positioned to work off the portions of the paper disposed on the end surfaces of said stud means.

6. A device for perforating paper and the like comprising, in combination, a rotatable patrix roll rotatable in a predetermined direction, means for feeding the paper over the circumference of said rotating patrix roll, said roll being provided with paper-supporting stud means having end surfaces corresponding to the shape of the perforation holes, a first rotating chip-removing tool rotatable in a direction opposite to and at a peripheral speed many times greater than that of the patrix roll, and a second rotating chip-removing tool rotatable in the same direction with and at a peripheral speed many times greater than that of the patrix roll, said tools being positioned to work off the portions of the paper disposed on the end surfaces of said stud means.

7. A device for perforating paper and the like com prising, in combination, a rotatable patrix roll rotatable in a predetermined direction, means for feeding the paper over the circumference of said rotating patrix roll, said roll being provided with paper-supporting stud means having end surfaces corresponding to the shape of the perforation holes, a first rotating chip-removing tool rotatable in a direction opposite to that of the patrix roll, and a second rotating chip-removing tool rotatable in the same direction as that of the patrix roll, said tools being positioned to work 01f the portions of the paper disposed on the end surfaces of said stud means, said end surfaces being disposed in cylindrical surfaces coaxial with the patrix roll.

8. A device for perforating paper and the like comprising, in combination, a rotatable patrix roll rotatable in a predetermined direction, means for feeding the paper over the circumference of said rotating patrix roll, said roll being provided with paper-supporting stud means having end surfaces corresponding to the shape of the perforation holes, a first rotating chip-removing tool rotatable in a direction opposite to that of the-patrix roll, and a second rotating chip-removing tool rotatable in the same direction as that of the patrix roll, said tools being positioned to work off the portions of the paper disposed on the end surfaces of said stud means, said end surfaces being disposed in cylindrical surfaces coaxial with the patrix roll and being annular.

9. A 'device'for perforating paper and the like comprising, in combination, a rotatable patrix roll rotatable in a predetermined direction, means for feeding the paper over the circumference of said rotating patrix roll, said roll being provided with paper-supporting stud means having end surfaces corresponding to the shape of the perforation holes, a first rotating chip-removing tool rotatable in a direction opposite to that of the patrix roll, and a second rotating chip-removing tool rotatable in the same direction as that of the patrix roll, said tools being positioned to work off the portions of the paper disposed on the end surfaces of said stud means, said stud means having outwardly-tapering cross-section.

A device for perforating paper and the like comprising, in combination, a rotatable patIiX r011 rota a l in a predetermined direction, means for feeding the paper over the circumference of said rotating patrix roll, said roll being provided with paper-supporting stud means having end surfaces corresponding to the shape of the perforation holes, a firstrotating chip-removing tool rotatable in a direction opposite to that of the patrix roll, and a second rotating chip-removing tool rotatable in the same direction as that of the patrix roll, said tools being positioned to work off the portions of the paper disposed on the end surfaces of said stud means, each tool being positioned relatively to the patriX roll in such manner that the cutting edges of the chip-removing tools penetrate into the paper to a depth corresponding approximately to the thickness of the paper but short of touching'the end surfaces of said stud means.

l1.- A device for perforating paper and the like comprising, in combination, a rotatable patrix roll rotatable in a predetermined direction, means for feeding the paper over the circumference of said rotating patriX roll, said roll being provided with paper-supporting stud I means having end surfaces corresponding to the shape of the perforation holes, a first rotating chip-removing tool rotatable in a direction opposite to that of the patriX roll, and a second rotating chip-removing 'tool rotatable in the same direction as that of the patrix roll, said tools being positioned to work off the portions of the paper disposed on the end surfaces of said stud means, each of said rotating tools and the patrix roll being provided with roller races coaxial with the tools and the patrix roll, said roller races being adapted to be set against each other by radial adjustment of the tools and the patrix roll relatively to each other.

12. A device for perforating paper and the like comprising, in combination, a rotatable patrix roll rotatable in a predetermined direction, means for feeding the paper over the circumference of said rotating patrix roll, said roll being provided with paper-supporting stud means having end surfaces corresponding to the shape of the perforation holes, a first rotating chip-removing tool rotatable in a direction opposite to .that of the patrix roll, and a second rotating chip-removing tool rotatable in the same direction as that of the patrix roll, said tools being positioned to work off the portions of the paper disposed on the end surfaces of said stud means, each of said rotating tools and the patrix roll being provided with roller races coaxial With the tools and the patriX roll, said roller races being adapted to be set against each other by radial adjustment of the tools and the patrix roll relatively to each other, one of said roller races consisting of the race of an antifriction bearing disposed on one of each of said tools and said patrix roll.

13. A device for perforating paper and the like comprising, in combination, a rotatable patrix roll rotatable in a predetermined direction, means for feeding the paper over the circumference of said rotating patrix roll, said roll being provided with paper-supporting stud means having end surfaces corresponding to the shape of the perforation holes, a first rotating chip-removing tool rotatable in a direction opposite to that of the patrix roll, said tools being disposed in succession along the surface of the patrix roll and cooperating to work off the portions of the paper located on the end surfaces of said stud means, both tools being disposed to leave a small play between the end surfaces of the stud means and the cutting edges of the tools.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 

